SCIENTIFIC ASSISTANT (PHARMACOLOGY)
MEDICAL EDUCATION
(CATEGORY NO. 324/2009)
Examination Date :- 16/12/2011 Friday 08.00 AM to 09.15 AM
Number Of Candidates :- 980
(Maximum Marks : 100)
(Duration: 1.15 Hours)
( Medium of Questions: English )
Syllabus: An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on
the qualification prescribed for the post.
1. General Pharmacology
Routes of Drug Administration, Essential drug concept, Pharmacokinetics
including drug absorption, Bioavailability, Distribution, biotransformation, inhibition of
drug metabolism, micosomal enzyme induction first pass metabolism ands excretion with
kinetics of elimination.
Pharmacodynamics including mechanism of drug action, physical action,
chemical action through enzymes, and through receptors. Dose response relationship,
combined effect of drugs including synergism and antagonism. Factors modifying
drug action.
Adverse drug effects including predictable reactions and unpredictable reactions,
side effects, toxic effects, secondary effects, intolerance, idiosyncracy, drug allergy,
mechanism and types of allergic reactions. Treatment of drug allergy, photosensitivity,
drug dependence, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Drug induced
diseases.
2. Autonomic Pharmacology
Cholinergic transmission including synthesis, storage and destruction of Ach,
muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Cholinergic drugs, classification and actions.
Anticholinestrases: classification, chemistry, mechanism of action, pharmacological
actions, pharmacokinetics, uses. Treatment of glaucoma. Miotics. Treatment of
myasthenia gravis. Anticholinesterase poisoning.
Anticholinergic drugs and drugs acting on autonomic ganglia: antocholinergic
drugs including classification, pharmacological actions, pharmacokinetics. Atropine
substitutes. Uses of anticholinergic drugs. Side effects of toxicities of antiocholinergic
drugs. Drugs acting on autonomic ganglia.
Adrenergic transmission, Adrenergic drugs, actions, administration and
preparations, adverse effects and contraindications. Therapeutic classification ofadrenergic drugs including selective Beta 2 stimulants, Nasal decongestants, anoretic
drugs. Therapeutic uses of adrenergic drugs.
Antiadregenic drugs including classification, actions, pharmacology of individual
drugs. Uses of α blockers and adverse effects.
β adrenegic drugs including classification, pharmacological actions,
pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, contraindications. Properties of individual β blockers.
Uses of β blockers. α and β blockers.
3. Autacoids and related drugs
Histamine: synthesis and storage. Histamine receptors. Pharmacological actions.
Betahistine. Antihistamines: Pharmacological actions. Pharmacokinetics. Side effects
and toxicity. Second generation antihistamines. Uses of antihistamines.
Hydroxytryptamine: synthesis and metabolism. Serotonergic receptors. Actions.
Pathophysiological roles. 5HT antagonists. Ergot alkaloids. Drug therapy of migraine
Prostaglandins: biosynthesis, degradation and actions.
4. Non steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs
Classification, mechanism of action. Detailed pharmacology of individual drugs
including their uses and adverse effects. Paracetamol poisoning. Salicylate poisoning.
Treatment Reheumatoid Arthritis and Gout.
Respiratory System : Antitussives. Drug therapy of Bronchial asthma.
5. Hormones
Anterior pituitary hormones: Growth hormone, Somatostatin, Octreotide,
Prolactin, Gonadotropins, TSH, ACTH.
Thyroid Hormones: chemistry and synthesis, transport, metabolism and excretion.
Regulation of secretion. Actions. Mechanism of Action. Uses. Relation between
T4 and T3.
Thyroid inhibitors: classification
Anmtithyroid drugs: Pharmacological actions, uses and adverse effects of
ropylthiouracil, Methimazole and Carbimazole,
Iodine and Iodides: uses and adverse effects. Radioactive iodine diagnostic and
therapeutic uses. Advantages, disadvantages.
Insulin: chemistry, regulation of insulin secretion. Actions of insulin.
Preparations of insulin.
Reactions of insulin. Drug interactions. Uses of insulin in diabetes mellitus,
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma. Insulin resistance.
Oral hypoglycemic drugs: Classification, Pharmacological actions,
Pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, uses and drug interactions of individual drugs.
Corticosteroids: Biosynthesis, actions, mechanics of action, pharmacokinetics.
Chemistry and relative activity of corticosteroids. Uses and contraindications of
corticosteroids.
Androgens: Regulation of secretions. Natural and Synthetic androgens. Actions.
Pharmacokinetics. Side effects. Uses. Anabolic steroids, Impeded androgens or
antiandrogens.
Estrogens: Regulation of secretions. Actions. Mechanism of action.
Pharmacokinetics, Antiestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators.
Progestins: Actions, mechanism of action, adverse effects and uses.
Antiprogestin.
Hormonal Contraceptives
Uterine stimulants: oxytocin, ergot alkaloids and prostaglandins. Their actions,
uses, mechanism of action and adverse effects. Tocolytics.
Calcium: absorption and excretion. Side effects. Uses. Parathyroid hormone:
actions, mechanism of action, Calcitonin: action, preparations and uses. Vitamin D:
actions, pharmacokinetics, deficiency, hypervitaminosis and uses. Bisphosphonates:
mechanism of actions, uses and adverse effects.
6. Skeletal muscle relaxants
Peripherally acting muscle relaxants: classification, mechanism of action,
adverse effects, uses and drug interactions. Directly acting muscle relaxants and
centrally acting muscle relaxants.
Local anaesthetics: classification, chemistry, mechanism of action.
Pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, uses.
General anaesthetics: mechanism of action, stages of anaesthasis,
pharmacokinetics of inhalational anaesthetics. Classification. Salient features of
individual agents. Preanaesthetic medication.
Ethyl Alcohol: actions, mechanism of action. Pharmacokinetics, interactions,
Acute and chronic toxicity, clinical uses. Treatment of methyl alcohol poisoning.
7. Sedative - Hypnotics
Classification Barbiturates: pharmacological actions, pharmacokinetics,
mechanism of action, uses adverse effects. Contraindications. Interactions, acute
barbiturate poisoning. Benzodiazepines: Mechanism of actions. Pharmacokinetics.
Adverse effects. Interactions. Non benzodiazepine hypnotics. Uses. Benzodiazepine
antagonists.
Antiepileptic drugs: Classifications, mechanism of action, pharmacological
actions, adverse effects, uses and drug interaction of individual drugs. Treatment of
various epilepsies.
Antiparkinsonian drugs: Classification, pharmacological actions adverse effects,
uses and drug interactions of individual drugs.
Antipsychotic drugs: Classification: Detailed pharmacology of phenothiazines.
Salient features of other members. Atypical antipsychotics.
Anti anxiety drugs: Classification, Detailed pharmacology of benzodiazepines.
Buspirone
Antidepressants: Classification, Mechanism of action, adverse effects and uses
of Tricyclic antidepressants. SSRIS. Atypical antidepressants. Mood stabilizing drugs:
Lithium carbonate, mechanism of action, actions, uses adverse effects and drug
interaction.
Opioids: Morphine, pharmacological actions, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects,
contraindications, classification of opioids, Opioids agonist antagonists and opioid
antagonistists. Treatment of Morphine poisoning Opioid receptors.
Cognition enhancers: Piracetam, Dihydroergotoxine, Nicergoline, Piribedil,
Cholinergic activators like rivastigmine, Tacrine, Donepezil, Galantamine, Pyritinol,
Ginkgo biloba.
8. Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Angiotensin: Actions, pathophysiological roles. ACE inhibitors: Mechanism of
action. Adverse effects. Actions. Contraindications. Interactions. Uses Angiotensin
receptor blockers: Mechanism of actions, Actions, Contraindications. Interactions. Uses.
Cardiac glycosides: Chemistry, mechanism of action. Actions. Uses.
Interactions. Adverse effects, Contraindications, Treatment of CHF: diuretics.
Vasodilators. Betablockers, Phosphodiesterase III inhibitors, Inotropic drugs.
Ant arrhythmic drugs: Classification, Pharmacology of individual drugs.
Treatment of various arrhythmias.
Antianginal drugs: classification, pharmacology of individual drugs. Drug
therapy of myocardial infarction. Drugs used for peripheral vascular diseases. Drug
therapy of erectile dysfunction.
Antihypertensive drugs: Classification, Pharmacology of individual drugs.
Treatment of hypertensive emergencies. Treatment of pregnancy induced hypertension.
Diuretics: Classification, Pharmacology of individual drugs.
Drugs affecting blood and blood formation: Iron: distribution in body.
Absorption, transport, storage and excretion. Preparation and dose. Acute iron
poisoning. Maturation factors including Vit. B12 and Folic acid Erythropoietin
Coagulants: Classification, Pharmacology of individual drugs.
Anticoagulants: Classification, Pharmacology of individual drugs.
Fibrinolytics and antifibrinolytics antiplatelet drugs
Hypolidemic drugs: Classification, Pharmacology of individual drugs.
Management of hyperlipedemia
Plasma expanders: mechanism of action, uses, adverse effects
9. Gastrointestinal Pharmacology
Drugs for Peptic Ulcer: classification, Pharmacology of individual drugs. Anti H
pylori drugs
Antiemetic: Classification, Pharmacology of individual drugs
Drugs for Constipation: Classification, Pharmacology of individual drugs
5Treatment of diarrheas.
10. Antimicrobial Drugs
Classification on the basis of mechanism of action and chemical properties, types
of action, source, spectrum of activity, Antimicrobial agents: toxicity. Resistance. Super
infection. Choice of antimicrobial agents combined use of antimicrobials, prophylactic
use of antimicrobial agents.
Sulphonamides: Classification, mechanism of action. actios .uses.adverse effects
and drug interactions.
Cotrimoxazole: Classification, mechanism of action. actios .uses.adverse effects
and drug interactions.
Quinolones: Classification, mechanism of action. actios .uses.adverse effects and
drug interactions.
Betalactam antibiotics: Penicillin: Classification, mechanism of action. actios
.uses.adverse effects and drug interactions. Semi synthetic Penicillins: Classification,
mechanism of action. actios .uses. adverse effects and drug interactions. Extended
spectrum pencillins. Beta-Lactamase inhibitors: Classification, mechanism of action.
actios .uses.adverse effects and drug interactions.
Cephalosporins: Classification, mechanism of action. actios .uses.adverse effects
and drug interactions.
Tetracyclines: Classification, mechanism of action. actios .uses. adverse effects
and drug interactions.
Chloramphenicol: Classification, mechanism of action. actios .uses. adverse
effects and drug interactions.
Aminoglycoside antibiotics: Classification, mechanism of action. actios .uses.
adverse effects and drug interactions.
Macrolide antibiotics: Classification, mechanism of action. actios .uses. adverse
effects and drug interactions.
Miscellaneous antibiotics: Clindamycin, Vancomycin, Teicoplanin, Linezolid
Urinary antiseptics: Treatment of urinary tract infection
Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Ant tubercular drugs: Classification, mechanism of action.actios. uses. adverse
effects and drug interactions. DOTS regimen. Treatment of MDR TB and Extremely
drug resistanceTB
Antileprotic drugs: Classification, mechanism of action.actios.uses.adverse
effects and drug interactions
MDT of Leprosy : Treatment of lepra action
Antifungal drugs: Classification, mechanism of action. actios .uses.adverse
effects and drug interactions.
Antiviral drugs: Classification, mechanism of action. actios .uses.adverse effects
and drug interactions.
Antiretroviral drugs: Classification, mechanism of action. actios .uses.adverse
effects and drug interactions.
Antimalarial drugs: Classification, mechanism of action. actios .uses.adverse
effects and drug interactions.
Anti amoebic drugs : Classification, mechanism of action. actios .uses.adverse
effects and drug interactions.
Drugs for Trichomoniasis. Drugs for Leishmaniasis
Antihelministics: Classification, mechanism of action. actios .uses.adverse effects
and drug interactions.
Chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases: Classification, mechanism of action. actios
.uses.adverse effects and drug interactions.
11. Miscellaneous Drugs
Immunosuppressants: Classification. Mechanism of action.actios.uses.adverse
effects and drug interactions
Drugs acting on skin and mucous membranes: Demulcents, Emollients,
Adsorbants and protectives. Astringents. Irrintants and counter irritants. Caustics and
escharotics.
Keratolytics. Anti-seborrheics. Melanizing agents. Drugs for psoriasis.
Demenalizing agents. Sunscreens. Drugs for acne vulgaris. Topical steroids.
Antiseptic and disinfectants. Ectoparasiticides.
7Chelating agents: Dimercarpol.Calcium disodium edetate. Pencillamine.
Desferrioxamine. Deferiprone
Vitamins: Fat soluble vitamins. Water soluble vitamins
Vaccines and Sera : Killed Vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines. Toxoids.
Cobined vaccines. Antisera and immunoglobulins.
NOTE: - It may be noted that apart from the topics
detailed above,
questions from other topics prescribed for the
educational qualification of the post may also appear
in the question paper. There is no undertaking that
all the topics above may be covered in the question
paper.
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