DEMONSTRATOR IN BIO MEDICAL ENGINEERING

Name of Post : DEMONSTRATOR IN BIO-MEDICAL ENGINEERING
CATEGORY NO :  194/2008
Date & Time of Examination :07/06/2012 Thursday 08.00 AM to 09.15 AM
Number of Candidates :- 317

(Maximum Marks : 100)

(Duration: 1.15 Hours)

( Medium of Questions: English)

Individual Admission Tickets will be issued to the candidates by post from  17/05/2012



Syllabus:  An Objective Type Test (OMR Valuation) based on the qualification prescribed for the post. Viz. Diploma in BioMedical Engineering
Main Topics:-
1. Bio Mathematics and Basic Electronics
2. Bio Signal Processing
3. Bio Software Engineering
4. Medical Imaging Techniques
5. Advanced Bio Instrumentation
6. Basic Bio Engineering
7. Bio Medical  Laboratory
8. Medical Informatics and Telemedicine
9. Medical Robotics
10. Hospital Engineering



I.    BIO MATHEMATICS AND BASIC ELECTRONICS
Ordinary differential equations of the first order:  exactness and integrating factors, variation of parameters;  Ordinary linear differential equations of nth  order  :solution of homogenous and non-homogenous equations, operator method, method of undetermined coefficients and variation of parameters;  Sequence and series;
power series methods for linear ordinary differential equations.  Laplace  transformand its  applications; Fourier series and Fourier transform and applications in biomedical engineering;  Partial differential equations:  models in physiology,introduction to solution techniques such as variable  separation, product method and Laplace Transform method.  Review of basic electric circuits:  Kirchhoff’s Laws,
Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems;  Complex impedance and phasors;  Electronic
Devices:  PN Junction Diodes, Diode Circuits;  Transistors:  bipolar and field-effect
transistors;  Integrated Circuit fabrication;  Operational Amplifiers, amplifier circuits,
non linear circuits;  Transfer functions, Bode plots, Filters;  Boolean Algebra;  Logic
Circuits: Simple Logic Circuits,  Combinational logic,  Sequential logic,  multi
vibrators,  counters. 
   2.   BIO SIGNAL PROCESSING  
Discrete time signals and systems:  Linear time invariant  systems (LTIS) –
Convolution and interconnection of LTIS – Casual LTIS – Stability – Recursive and Non
Recursive Systems -  Implementation – Correlation of discrete time signals -  Auto
correlation and Cross correlation sequences – Z transform – Properties -  Analysis of
LTIS  in  Z  domain.  Frequency Domain Analysis:  Fourier Analysis of  continuous
time periodic and periodic signals – Power Density Spectrum –Fourier transform for
discrete time signals -  Frequency domain characteristic of LTIS -  System function
and frequency response function – Computation .  FIR    Filters:  Design of Filters  -
frequency selective filters – Inverse systems and de convolution -  Discrete  Fourier
transforms and properties – Linear Filtering – Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) &
Properties – Algorithms – Structures of FIR – Design of FIR filters – Using Windows -
Frequency sampling – Linear Phase FIR filters.  IIR filters:  Structure  for IIR – State
Space Analysis – Round of effects in digital filters – Design of IIR filter –
Approximation of derivatives – Impulsive invariance – Bilinear transformation
Weigner filters – Design of IIR filters in frequency domain.  Multivariate Digital Signal
Processing:  Filter Design and implementation for sampling rate conversion –Band
Pass Signals – First Order and Second Order approximations – Implementation ofNarrow Band Low Pass Filter – Estimation of Autocorrelation and Power spectrum of
random signals – use of DFT in power spectrum estimation.
  
3.  BIO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING.  
Introduction to Biology and Bio-Molecules, Bio-molecules,  Structure and functions of
cells and Bio-molecules,  RNA & DNA, Protein Synthesis, Basic structure and
functions of Genes,  Mutations;  Basics of Computers, C++  Language, Oracle:
Introduction, Interactive SQL,  Perl,  Linux,  Bioinformatics methods and related tools
  4   .  MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES.   
Fundamentals of images and image processing.  Ultra sonography,  colour  Doppler,
echo cardio graphy and fetal monitor, X-rays, scanners (CT,  MRI,  PET, SPECT);
physical principles, instrumental design, data acquisition strategies, 2-D and 3-D
image reconstruction techniques, clinical applications of each modality, recent
developments;  general image characteritiscs  like spatial resolution and signal to
noise ratio.
5.  ADVANCED BIO-INSTRUMENTATION.  
Principles of operation of LASER instrumentation,  Lithotriptor,  Incubators,
Thermograph,  Anaesthesia Machine,  Audiometry,  Hearing Aids,  Endoscope,
Intensive Care units,  Infusion pumps,  Bio-telemetry systems,  Hemodialyser and
heart lung machine,  Interfacing I/O  devices to a PC,  use of external interrupts,
Using DAC and ADC with PCs.  Acquisition of Biological signals,  PC  based  process
control.  PCB design:  layout,  Artwork,  Photo printing, Etching, Front Panel, Control
Panel and Thermal Design: and Ergonomics for Electronic Equipments.
6.  BASIC BIO-ENGINEERING
Medical Physiology: Homeostasis,  Regulation of arterial pressure, blood flow,
cardio-electrical  activity, respiratory system, control of breathing, renal system,
filtration, body fluid balance, control of minerals, gastro-intestinal system, motility,
secretion , asorption, measurements.
Algorithms in Diagnostics: Use of the following algorithms – Markov models, HMM,
Bayesian methods, Rough sets, Neural net works and support vector machine.
Applications to classification and feature extraction of ECGs and EEGs.
Medical Imaging Overview:   Role of medical imaging,  Image registration, Cardiac
Image Registration methods, Interpolation methods in medical imaging.  Quality
measurement, use of splines and wavelets, image fusion,  Hospital visit and training
for 10 days in a Multi Speciality Hospital. 
  7   .   BIO MEDICAL LABORATORY. 
 BP Apparatus Wi-Fi enabled,  Thermometer, ECG equipment, Electronic Stethoscope,
Pulse oximeter,  -Ultrasound  4Mhz, X-Ray digitizer, (Arterial) blood gas analyser,
Infusion pumps,  Patient monitor Wi-Fi enabled, endoscopes, insulin  pumps, human
body  vibration simulator , climatic chamber for bio-medical instruments testing,
Drug delivery testing system – PC based Telemedicine van wi-fi enabled.
  8   .   MEDICAL INFORMATICS AND TELEMEDICINE
Introduction to  medical informatics, necessity of standards for e-health, security and
cyber laws, ethical and medico legal issues in patient information exchange;
Introduction to medical databases, electronic health records, integrated health
information systems, cost effectiveness; Networks, PSTN, ISDN, VSAT, T1, information
compression, storage and transmission standards, wireless telemetry, e-health and
telemedicine applications.
9.   MEDICAL ROBOTICS
Introduction to Medical Robotics and Computer Integrated Surgery.  Basic tools for
surgical planning, human machine interfaces,  robotic manipulators, basic robotic
kinematics and programming, Medical Imaging, Segmentation and 3D modelling –
Tracking technology – Registration, Image guided surgery – Augmented and virtual
reality, safety applications, neuro surgery, orthopaedics, eye surgery, dentistry,
minimal access surgery, ENT surgery, craniofacial surgery  and radio therapy – high
tech operating room.
10.   HOSPITAL ENGINEERING.
Organisation of a hospital,  functions, responsibilities and training requirements of
hospital and clinical engineers.  Modern hospital architecture, Planning of structural,
electrical, air conditioning, plumbing and sanitation, gas supply, waste disposal,
dietary sterilization, laundry, storage and operation theatre systems, Electrical power
system in hospitals, safety of electrical systems, design of sub stations and wiring
details etc.  Basics of air conditioning and refrigeration systems.  Air changes
filtering and sterility, Hospital gas supply systems, centralised supply of air, oxygen,
nitrous oxide and vacuum.  Theatre lighting, operating tables, wheel chairs  and
stretchers.  Hospital administration and financial planning of hospital systems.
Preparation of estimates, specifications, tender details etc.  Ordering, testing,
acceptance and maintenance protocols, importance of ISO 9000 certificates –
Obtaining ISO certificates in hospitals.

NOTE: - It may be noted that apart from the topics detailed above, questions from other topics prescribed for the educational qualification of the post may appear in the question paper. There is no undertaking that all the topics above may be covered in the question paper.