Kerala PSC JUNIOR SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Full Syllabus

PART 1 BIOCHEMISTRY

Chemistry of Biomolecules: Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid, Nucleic acid 
Physical Chemistry: Viscosity, Surface tension, Osmosis, Donnan membran e equilibrium, dialysis, diffusion, adsorption, partition coefficient. 

Biomembranes: Chemistry, Structure, transport process across biomembranes 
Instruments and Methodology: Photometry, spectrophotometry, flourometry, Flame p hotometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, Nephelometry, NMR Chemiluminescence, flow cytometry, Electron Spin resonance, Mass spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography , centrifugation, Iyophilization, Ph meter, Sonicator, Chromatography and Electrophoresis. 
Digestion and Absorption: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals . 
Nutrition: Caloric values of food, BMR, respiratory quotient, glycemic index 
Respiration: Exchange of gases, Dissociation carve, Bohr effect, Chloride shift free radical formation, antioxidants. 
Detoxification: Phase I and II, Microscomal and non microsomal meta bolism of drugs – role of cytochrome P 450 enzymes and subtypes. 
Metabolism and Inborn errors of metabolism: Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipids, Nucleic acid, heme, vitamins (A, D, E, K, B and C), Minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, Fe, Cu, Zn, I, Co, Ni, F) Hormones: Classification, mechanism of action, regulation, se cretion, Chemistry, Metabolism, biological functions and disorders of Hypothalamus and pituita ry, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Pancreas, Adrenal, Gonadal hormones. 
Electron Transport Chain: Thermodynamics of electron transport, Components an d different complex in ETC, inhibitors of ETC, mitochondrial electron transporters and shu ttle systems. 
Enzymes: Classifications, co-enzymes, cofactors, mechanism o f enzyme action, factors affecting enzyme action, enzyme kinetics, enzyme inhibition, regulat ory enzymes, enzyme immobilization, clinical enzymology, uses of enzymes in industrial technology, Isoenzymes. 
Function Tests: Liver, Renal, pancreas, Thyroid, Gastric, Fetoplace ntal, Gonadal, Malabsorption studies. 
Buffer System: Body buffers, acid base regulation, preparation of buffer solution, electrolytes and blood gas analysis. 
Glass Wares: Calibration, cleaning of glassware for various inve stigations. Body fluid analysis, analysis of renal and biliary calculi, purification of water and quality checking. 
Inter conversion of units: Molar, Millimolar, Normal, Milliequivalent, Molalit y, osmolality, percentage. 

Principles, procedure and normal values of various parameters analysed in clinical chemistry laboratory. 
Quality Control: Internal and external QC program, QC charts, QC sam ples 
Automation: Various types of Autoanalysers (semi and fully auto analysers), advantages and disadvantages 
Immunology: Antigen, antibody, monoclonal and polyclonal antibo dies, immunoglobulin classes antigen – antibody reactions, complement system, hypersensiti vity reactions, MHC, cytokines, cell mediated and humoral immunity, Autoimmunity and aut oimmune diseases, vaccines and immunization. 
Immunological Techniques: Agglutination, precipitation, immunodiffusion, Immu noelectrophoresis, complement fixation, Immunofluioresence, ELISA, RIA, Nephelometric Immun oassay, Chemiluminescence immunoassay, Western blotting, Flow cytometry, FACS .  
Molecular Biology: Cell cycle, DNA replication, DNA repair, Transcript ion, genetic code, Post transcriptional processing, reverse transcriptase, protein synthesi s, post translational modifications, protein targeting, inhibitors of protein synthesis, gene ex pression, Operon, chromosomes, gene amplification, gene switching, recombination, enhan cers, mutations. 
Recombinant DNA Technology: Restrition endonuclease, DNA ligase, Vectors, Chime ric molecules, cloning, Vectors, Gene library, Hybridisation, blotting techniques and app lications, RFLP, Gene therapy, Transgenesis, DNA finger printing, DNA sequencing, DNA probes, Hybridoma technology, PCR, Pre-natal diagnosis of genetic disorders

PART 2 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

History and scope of microbiology, safety methods i n microbiology laboratory, sterilization and disinfection, testing of disinfectants, quality control in sterilization, microscopes, different types, principles, application, parts of each type of microscope, micrometry, Bacterial cell, stains and staining methods, classification of medi cally important bacteria, fungus, viruses and parasites, bacterial metabolism, growth curve, grow th requirements, culture media, cultivation and identification methods. Bacterial genetics, Gen etic Engineering. 
Systematic and Diagnostic bacteriology :- Medically important bacteria, bacterial infections, pathogenesis, epidemiology, isolation and identification, clinical specimens and diagnostic m ethods, zoonotic infections, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, antibiotic sensitivity tests , serological tests for the diagnosis of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections. 
Parasites and diagnostic parasitology: Classification, geographical distribution, habitat, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, epidemiology, immunology, prophylaxis, laboratory d iagnosis of medically important parasites and their infections, protozoa and helminthes – int estinal, blood and tissue parasites collection, transportation, examination of clinical specimens f or parasites. 
Systematic and Diagnostic Mycology: Classification, geographical distribution, structur e and morphology, mode of transmission, pathogenesis, epidemiology, immunology, prophylaxis , laboratory methods for the diagnosis of fungal infections, various techniques used for the identification of fungi culture media in mycology, stains in mycology, serological tests for mycotic infections, preparation of fungal antigens & their standardization, superficial mycos es, subcutaneous mycoses, systemic mycoses opportunistic mycoses, miscellaneous mycose s, mycotoxins, allergic fungal diseases, animal models in mycology. 
Medical Virology: Systemic and clinical virology, pathogenesis, proce ssing of clinical specimens and laboratory diagnosis of viral infections, emergence and re-eme rgence of viral infections, diagnostic tests in virology, applied and recent advances in medical microbiology – nosocomial infections, epidemiological aspects of control of infections an d diseases, typing methods in bacteriology, surgical and trauma related infections. 
Microbial bio-film-prevention, control and removal, role of microbiology lab for infection control in hospital, emerging infectious diseases, public health microbiology – microbial analysis of water, air, milk and food, molecular di agnostic methods in microbiology, automation in diagnostic microbiology, management a nd organization of microbiology laboratory, quality in the clinical microbiology la boratory, genetically modified microorganisms, molecular diagnostic techniques rel evant to medical microbiology, PCR and its modifications, Principles of recombinant DNA te chnology. 
Care and management of laboratory animals, handling feeding, breeding of common laboratory animals, bleeding o f lab animals, killing of anima l and disposal of carcasses, animal inoculation, animal house organization and manageme nt.

PART 3 PATHOLOGY

Haemopoiesis, anaemia, lukemia – classification and lab diagnosis, thalassemia, haemoglobinpathies, invitro and invivo anticoagulan ts, coagulation factors, mechanism, disorders and lab diagnosis, investigations of thro mbotic tendency, platelet function tests, complete blood cell count and special laboratory in vestigations in hematology laboratory, automation in hematology laboratory. 
Fixatives, decalcification, tissue processing, rout ine and special stains in histopathology laboratory, immunohistochemistry, molecular markers of malignant neoplasm, micotomy and frozen sectioning, tissue processing for electron m icroscopic investigations, automation in histopathology laboratory, museum mounting techniqu es. 
Chromosone organizations and relative diseases, kar yotyping, bonemarrow preparation and culture techniques of various cytogenetic samples, banding techniques, sex chromatin determination. 
Cytology of female genital tract, respiratory tract , cytology of body fluids, cytocentrifuge, cell block, routine and special stains used in diagnosti c cytology, FNAC. 
Blood group antigens, grouping techniques, screenin g of donors, diseases transmitted through blood transmission, nucleic acid testing, compatibi lity testing, ICT, DCT, Blood collection, preservation, processing and storage, blood compone nt preparation, aphaeresis, autologus and exchange transfusion, blood transfusion reactions a nd its management, hemolytic disease of new born, blood substitutes. 
HLA typing and cross matching, MHC antigen and its importance in transplantations, molecular diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of haematological disorders, FISH, Flow cytometry, Immuno phenotyping, autoimmune disorders , tumor markers, quality control and quality assurance in haematology, cytology, histopa thology, clinical pathology laboratory and blood bank. 
Urine analysis, stool, semen analysis, sputum, body fluids, CSF, pregnancy testing, safety in pathology laboratory.

PART 5 (a) Renaissance in Kerala 

TOWARDS A NEW SOCIETY
Introduction to English education - various mission ary organisations and their functioning- founding of educational institutions, factories, pr inting press etc.
EFFORTS TO REFORM THE SOCIETY 
(A) Socio-Religious reform Movements 
SNDP Yogam, Nair Service Society, Yogakshema Sabha, Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham, Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha, Samathwa Samajam, Isla m Dharma Paripalana Sangham, Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha, Sahodara Prasthanam etc.
(B) Struggles and Social Revolts 
Upper cloth revolts.Channar agitation, Vaikom Sathy agraha, Guruvayoor Sathyagraha, Paliyam Sathyagraha. Kuttamkulam Sathyagraha, Temple Entry Proclamation, Temple Entry Act .Malyalee Memorial, Ezhava Memorial etc. Malabar riots, Civil Disobedience Movement, Abstent ion movement etc.
ROLE OF PRESS IN RENAISSANCE 
Malayalee, Swadeshabhimani, Vivekodayam, Mithavadi, Swaraj, Malayala Manorama, Bhashaposhini, Mathnubhoomi, Kerala Kaumudi, Samada rsi, Kesari, AI-Ameen, Prabhatham, Yukthivadi, etc
AWAKENING THROUGH LITERATURE 
Novel, Drama, Poetry, Purogamana Sahithya Prasthanam, Nataka Prashtanam, Library movement etc
WOMEN AND SOCIAL CHANGE 
Parvathi Nenmenimangalam, Arya Pallam, A V Kuttimal u Amma, Lalitha Prabhu.Akkamma Cheriyan, Anna Chandi, Lalithambika Antharjanam and others
LEADERS OF RENAISSANCE
Thycaud Ayya Vaikundar, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyan K ali.Chattampi Swamikal, Brahmananda Sivayogi, Vagbhadananda, Poikayil Yohannan(Kumara G uru) Dr Palpu, Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan, Mampuram Thangal, Sahodaran Ayyappan, Pandi t K P Karuppan, Pampadi John Joseph, Mannathu Padmanabhan, V T Bhattathirippad, Vakkom A bdul Khadar Maulavi, Makthi Thangal, Blessed Elias Kuriakose Chaavra, Barrister G P Pill ai, TK Madhavan, Moorkoth Kumaran, C. Krishnan, K P Kesava Menon, Dr.Ayyathan Gopalan, C V Kunjuraman, Kuroor Neelakantan Namboothiripad, Velukkutty Arayan, K P Vellon, P K Chathan Master, K Kelappan, P. Krishna Pillai, A K Gopalan, T R Krishnaswami Iyer, C Kesav an. Swami Ananda Theerthan , M C Joseph, Kuttippuzha Krishnapillai and others
LITERARY FIGURES 
Kodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran, KeralaVarma Val iyakoyi Thampuran, Kandathil Varghesc Mappila. Kumaran Asan, Vallathol Narayana Menon, Ul loor S Parameswara Iyer, G Sankara Kurup, Changampuzha Krishna Pillai, Chandu Menon, V aikom Muhammad Basheer. Kesav Dev, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Ponkunnam Varky, S K P ottakkad and others

PART 5 (b) General Knowledge and Current Affairs 

Important World, National and Regional Events relat ed to the Political and Scientific fields, Sports, Cinema and Literature etc.

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NOTE: - It may be noted that apart from the topics detailed above, questions from other topics prescribed for the educational qualifi cation of the post may also appear in the question paper. There is no undertaking that all the topics above may be covered in the question paper
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